Rubber O-ring is a mechanical gasket in the shape of a torus; it is a loop of elastomer with a round cross-section, designed to be seated in a groove and compressed during assembly between two or more parts, creating a seal at the interface. Rubber O-ring may be used in static applications or in dynamic applications where there is relative motion between the parts and the O-ring. Rubber O-rings are one of the most common seals used in machine design because they are inexpensive, easy to make, reliable and have simple mounting requirements.
There are a variety of elastomers that are used to support the function of rubber O-ring in a particular application. The most popular types of elastomers are Buna N and Nitrile. They are known for their toughness, flexibility, and ready availability with suppliers. Other elastomer types are specifically chosen to create custom O-rings for specialized applications. For example, elastomers like Viton and Fluorosilicone are chosen to create O-rings for aerospace and semiconductor applications. The elastomer neoprene is selected for O-rings as it provides good chemical stability and flexibility even in extreme temperatures. Neoprene O-rings can be found in petroleum, refrigeration, and automotive applications. Likewise, silicone is used for applications that utilize high amounts of compressed air.
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